Articles

GERTSIUK M.M., MELNYCHENKO T.I. ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING PHTHALATES

2016 – Zurnal Hromatografichnogo Tovarystva – V. XVI. – N 1-4. – P. 36-48

UDC 349.6:502.175; 502.175; 504.5/.6

DOI: 10.15407 / zht2016.59.036

GERTSIUK M.M., MELNYCHENKO T.I.

SI "Institute of environmental geochemistry NAS of Ukraine", Kyiv

ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING PHTHALATES - article

The problems of phthalates danger and main ways to enter the environment and the human body, as well as phthalate transformation and destruction in natural conditions are considered. The analysis of modern methods for the determination of phthalates, (gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, chromatography-mass spectrometry), and examples of practical use of chromatographic methods for identification of phthalates are discussed.

Keywords: phthalates, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, chromatography-mass spectrometry, environmental pollution

REFERENCES:

1. International programme on chemical safety URL: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc131.htm

2. WHO: International programme on chemical safety. Environmental Health Criteria; 131. Geneva, 1992.

3. Phthalates and their alternatives health and environmental concerns. University of Massachusetts Lowell, 2011, p. 24.

4. Alexander H. Tullo Plasticizer Makers Want A Piece Of The Phthalates Pie. Chemical and engineering news. 2015. Vol. 93, Issue 25. P. 16-18.

5. Barshteyn R.S., Kirilovich V.I., Nosovskiy Yu.Ye. Plastifikatory dlya polimerov. M., Khimiya, 1982. 200 p. [in Russ.]

6. Ftalaty – vred yedkogo zapakha iz igrushek. URL: http://otravleniya.net/ximicheskie-otravleniya/chto-takoe-ftalaty-kakoj-vred-nanosyat-zdorovyu.html

7. Bauer M.J., Herrmann R. Estimation of the environmental contamination by phthalic acid esters leaching from household wastes. The Science of the Total Environment. 1997. V. 208. P.49-57.
DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00272-6
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00272-6

8. Fellenberg G. Zagryazneniye prirodnoy sredy. Vvedeniye v ekologicheskuyu khimiyu, M., Mir, 1997. 232 p. [in Russ.]

9. Berge A, Cladiere M, Gasperi J, Coursimault A, Tassin B, Moilleron R. Meta-analysis of environmental contamination by phthalates. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013. 20 (11). P. 8057–8076.
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1982-5
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1982-5

10. Martine B, Marie-Jeanne T, Cendrine D, Fabrice A, Marc C. Assessment of adult human exposure to phthalate esters in the urban centre of Paris (France). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2013. 90(1). P. 91-96.
DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0859-5
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0859-5

11. Stiralnaya mashinka mozhet stat prichinoy impotentsii i besplodiya. URL: http://www.ghhauto.ru/novosti/zdorove/12714-amorqwrhrtbrhr.html

12. Toxic Threads: The Big Fashion Stitch-Up. URL: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/publications/Campaign-reports/Toxics-reports/Big-Fashion-Stitch-Up/

13. Ivanishyna T.V. Doslidzhennya ekolohichnoyi bezpechnosti materialiv dlya vyhotovlennya vzuttya. Povidomlennya I. Herald of Khmelnytskyi national university. 2012. N 5. P. 91-96. [in Ukr.]

14. Smolyakova S.P., Chaykovskaya S.M., Kostina D.D., Bulycheva O.S. Vliyaniye komponentov dekorativnoy kosmetiki, parfyumerii i sredstv bytovoy khimii na organizm beremennoy. Advances in current natural sciences. 2013. N 9. P. 102-103. [in Russ.]

15.Chatonnet P., Boutou S., Plana A.Contamination of wines  and spirits by phthalates: types of contaminants present, contamination sources and means of prevention. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2014. 31 (9). P. 1605-15. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25099435
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.941947
https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2014.941947

16. Levchuk, Y. V., Kyshchenko, V. A., Oseyko, M. I. Safe use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging in the production of vegetable oils. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. 2014. Vol 6, No 10(72). P. 27-31. [in Ukr.] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2014.31662
DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2014.31662
https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2014.31662

17. Kernitskiy V.I., Zhir N.A. Voprosy po butylochnomu PET. Kraynosti i real'nosti. Vestnik khimicheskoy promyshlennosti. 2016. N 4 (91). P. 36-40. [in Russ.]

18. Belkovsky P.V., Varlamova N.N., Birzul A.N., Pitilyak D.A. Human health risk assessment of bottled waters in Khabarovsk. New Ideas of New Century 2014: Proceedings of The Fourteenth International Scientific Conference In three volumes Volume 3. Khabarovsk: Published by PNU 2014. P. 235-241. [in Russ.]

19. Krylov V.A., Volkova V.V. Determination of o-phthalates in water by chromatography-mass spectrometry and microextraction concentration with ultrasonic dispersion of extraction solvent. Vestnik of Lobachevsky University of Nizhni Novgorod. 2014, N 1 (1). P. 119–125. [in Russ,]

20. Nesterova V.V. Khromato-mass-spektrometricheskoye opredeleniye efirov o-ftalevoy kisloty v vode s mikroekstraktsionnym kontsentrirovaniyem: dissertatsiya... k.kh.n.: 02.00.02. Lobachevsky University of Nizhni Novgorod. Nizhni Novgorod, 2016. 122 p. [in Russ.]

21. Pat. 2179563 RF. Vspenennye prokladki, poluchaemye iz gomogennyh olefinovyh polimerov / Markovich R.P., Veeten A.R.; zajavleno 21.02.1997; opubl. 20.002.2002. [in Russ.]

22. Pat. 2230089 RF. Polimernaja olefinovaja kompozicija dlja kryshek dlja butylok (varianty), kryshka, izgotovlennaja iz nee, sposob poluchenija takoj kryshki, butylka, zakryvaemajatakoj kryshkoj / Silvio P., Rajner Sh., Antonella A.; zajavleno10.08.2002; opubl. 10.06.2004. [in Russ.]

23. Karnazhitskaya T.D., Antipyeva M.V., Zavernenkova E.O. Definition of phthalates in drinking milk by HPLC method. Aktualnyye problemy bezopasnosti i otsenki riska zdorovyu naseleniya pri vozdeystvii faktorov sredy obitaniya. Vserossiyskaya nauch.-prakt. Konferentsiya s mezhdunarodnym uchastiyem. Perm, 2014. P. 531-535. [in Russ.]

24. Aggregate Exposures to Phthalates in Humans. URL: http://www.alittlemoreinteresting.com/images/phthalte_report.pdf

25. Johnson S., Nirmali S., Ramakant S. Phthalates in Toys Available in Indian Market. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2011, June. P. 86.
DOI: 10.1007/s00128-011-0263-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0263-6

26. Plastik, soderzhashchiysya v upakovkakh produktov, opasen dlya detey. URL: http://vesanet.org/1024-plastik-soderzhaschiysya-v-upakovkah-produktov-opasen-dlya-detey.html

27. Bung-Nyun Kim, Soo-Churl Cho, Yeni Kim et al. Association between Urine Phthalate Levels and Poor Attentional Performance in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Evidence of Dopamine Gene-Phthalate Interaction Subin Park. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2014. 11. P. 6743-6756.
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110706743
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110706743

28. Annex III Substances. URL: https://echa.europa.eu/search?p_p_id=echasearch_WAR_echaportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_count=1&_echasearch_WAR_echaportlet_doSearch=true&_echasearch_WAR_echaportlet_forceBasic=true

29. Staples C. A., Adams W. J., Parkerton T. F., Gorsuch J. W., Biddinger G. R., Reinert K. H. Aquatic toxicity of eighteen phthalate esters. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 1997. Vol. 16, No. 5. P. 875-891.
DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620160507
https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620160507

30. Shtilman Mikhail I. Biodegradation of Polymers. Journal of Siberian Federal University. Biology 2. 2015, N 8. P. 113-130. [in Russ.]

31. Shosuke Y., Kazumi H., Toshihiko T., Ikuo T., Hironao Y., Yasuhito M., Kiyotsuna T., Kenji M., Yoshiharu K., Kohei O. A bacterium that degrades and assimilates poly(ethylene terephthalate). Science 11 Mar 2016: Vol. 351, Issue 6278, P. 1196-1199.

32. Yingying Wang, Yanzhen Fan, Ji-Dong Gu. Aerobic degradation of phthalic acid by Comamonas acidovoran Fy-1 and dimethyl phthalate ester by two reconstituted consortia from sewage sludge at high concentrations. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology. 2003. 19. P. 811-815.
DOI: 10.1023/A:1026021424385
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026021424385

33. Sanitarnyye pravila i normy okhrany poverkhnostnykh vod ot zagryazneniya SanPiN N 4630-88 ot 04.07.1988. URL: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v4630400-88

34. Dopolneniye 3 k SanPiN N 4630-88 N 6025-91 ot 21.10.1991. URL: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/ru/v6025400-91

35. Luks-Betlej, K., Popp P., Janoszka B., Paschke H. Solid-phase microextraction of phthalates from water. J. Chromatogr. A. 2001. V. 938, N 1-2. P. 93 – 101.
DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01363-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01363-2

36. Savchuk S. A., Kolesov G. M. Khromatograficheskoye opredeleniye efirov o-ftalevykh kislot, kak pokazatelya fal'sifikatsii kon'yakov i kon'yachnykh spirtov. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2007. V. 62, N 8. P. 845-857. [in Russ.]

37. MUK 4.1.738-99. Khromato-mass-spektrometricheskoye opredeleniye ftalatov i organicheskikh kislot v vode. [in Russ.]

38. Turnayev V.A., Tretyakov N.Yu., Turnayeva Ye.A.Khromatograficheskiye metody opredeleniya ftalatov v poverkhnostnykh i pityevykh vodakh. Tyumen: Vestnik TyumGU. 2007. N 3. P. 139-146. [in Russ.]

39. HEWLETT PACKARD Chemical Analysis and Accessories Consumables. 1998/1999, p. 520. Agilent Technologies Consumables and Accessories Catalog 2000/2001, p. 596; 2003/2004, p. 752; 2007/2008, p. 782.

40. Drugov Yu. S., Rodin A.A. Analiz zagryaznennoy pochvy i opasnykh otkhodov : Prakticheskoye rukovodstvo. M.: BINOM, Laboratoriya znaniy, 2013. 469 p. [in Russ.]

41. EPA Method 506. Determination of Phthalate and Adipate Esters in Drinking Water by Liquid-Liquid Extraction or Liquid-Solid Extraction and Gas Chromatography with Photoionization Detection - Revision 1.1. URL: http://www.caslab.com/EPA-Method-506/

42. EPA-NERL 525.2. Method 525.2, Revision 2.0: Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction and Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. URL: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-10/documents/method_525-2_rev-2_1995.

43. EPA-EAD 606. Method 606: Phthalate Ester. URL: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/method_606_1984.pdf

44. EPA-NERL 625. Method 625: Base/Neutrals and Acids. URL: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-10/documents/method_625_1984.pdf

45. EPA-EAD 1625. Method 1625, Revision B: Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Isotope Dilution GC/MS. URL: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-10/documents/method_1625b_1984.pdf

46. EPA-OSW 8061A. SW-846 Test Method 8061A: Phthalate Esters by Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection (GC/ECD). URL: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/8061a.pdf

47. EPA-RCA 8061A. Method 8061A: Phthalate Esters by Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection (GC/ECD). URL: http://www.caslab.com/EPA-Methods/PDF/8061a.pdf

48. Method 8250. Method 8250. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Semivolatile Organics: Packed Column Technique. URL: https://hero.epa.gov/hero/index.cfm/reference/download/reference_id/17568.

49. EPA-OSW 8270D. Method 8270D. Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). URL: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-07/documents/epa-8270d.pdf

50. DOE OM100R. Analysis of Semivolatile Organic Compounds Using Capillary Gas Chromatog-raphy with Ion Trap Mass Spectrometric Detection. URL: http://www.caslab.com/Test-Methods-Search/PDF/DOE-Method-OM100R.pdf

51. USGS-NWQL O-5130-95. Nalytical Method Organic Compounds and Parameter Codes: Semivolatile organic compounds, bottom sediment, high-performance gel permeation chromatography, capillary-column gas chromatographylmass spectrometry, O-5130-95. URL: http://www.caslab.com/Test-Methods-Search/PDF/USGS-Method-O-5130-95.pdf

52. OSHA 104. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. "OSHA method No. 104." (1994). URL: https://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/organic/org104/org104.html

53. NIOSH 5020. Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate See Dibutyl Phthalate (Method 5020) for Procedure. URL: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/pdfs/5020.pdf

54. Standard Methods: 6410 B: Extractable Semivolatile Organics by GC-MS. URL: https://www.nemi.gov/methods/method_summary/4715/

55. Method 8060. Phthalate Esters. URL: http://legismex.mty.itesm.mx/secc_inter/SW-846/8060.pdf

56. Drugov Yu.S., Rodin A.A. Probopodgotovka v ekologicheskom analize. Sankt-Peterburg, Anatoliya, 2002. 755 p. [in Russ.]

57. Metodicheskiye rekomendatsii po spektrofotometricheskomu opredeleniyu slozhnykh efirov ftalevoy kisloty, migriruyushchikh iz polivinilkhloridnykh plastmass v vozdukhe N 1511-76 ot 20.10.1976. [in Russ.]

58. Dubinina A. A., Malyuk L. P., Selyutina H. A. ta in. Toksychni rechovyny u kharchovykh produktakh ta metody yikh vyznachennya: Pidruchnyk. K., Profesional, 2007. 384 p. [in Ukr.]

59. Furtmann K. Phthalate in der aquatischen Umwelt. Dusseldorf: Landesamt fur Wasser und Abfall Nordrhein-Westfalen. LWA-Materialen. 1993. No.6. 177 s. [in Russ.]

60. Azarova I.N. VEZHKH metod opredeleniya di(2-etilgeksil)ftalata dlya izucheniya yego povedeniya v ekosisteme ozera Baykal: dissertatsiya ... k.kh.n.: 05.11.11. Limnologicheskiy institut SO RAN. Irkutsk, 2003. 117 p. [in Russ.]

61. Uskov T.N. Soderzhaniye i prostranstvenno-vremennoye raspredeleniye ftalatov v komponentakh vodnykh ekosistem Verkhney Obi : dissertatsiya ... k.t.n. : 25.00.27. In-t vod. i ekol. problem SO RAN. Barnaul, 2015. 164 p. [in Russ.]

62. GOST 24481-80 Voda pit'yevaya. Otbor prob. M, Izd-vo standartov, 1994. 10 p. [in Russ.]

63. GOST 17.4.4.02-84. Okhrana prirody. Pochvy. Metody otbora i podgotovki prob dlya khimicheskogo, bakteriologicheskogo, gel'mintologicheskogo analiza.URL: www.OpenGost.ru

64. Pirogov A.V., Tolmacheva N.G., Shpigun O.A. Extraction and subsequent chromatographic determination of dialkylphthalates in soils by GC-MS/MS. Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin. 2014. V. 55, N 4. P. 207-213. [in Russ.]